Educators in Uruguay had high hopes for the 2012 results from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an influential study of 15-year-olds’ knowledge in math, science and reading conducted by the OECD.

Three years earlier, under then-president Tabare Vazquez, it became the first country in the world to provide every child in the public school system with a laptop and internet connection. The government distributed 450,000 computers, trained 26,000 teachers, and wired schools in even the most rural areas.

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